Beneficios de la telepráctica en el abordaje fonoaudiológico / Benefits of telepractice in the speech therapy approach

Introducción: La telepráctica es un modelo de prestación de servicios fonoaudiológicos y audiológicos en el cual se emplea la tecnología de las telecomunicaciones con fines de promoción y prevención, evaluación, intervención o consulta. Debido a la pandemia de COVID-19, este tipo de servicios tuvo un crecimiento significativo para dar respuesta a las necesidades de salud de individuos y poblaciones. Objetivo: Describir el abordaje fonoaudiológico a través de la telepráctica en la intervención de las deficiencias de la comunicación. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de PubMed y American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA); se emplearon ecuaciones de búsqueda en inglés. Se seleccionaron 28 artículos desde el año 2016, y se analizaron las categorías de telepráctica en audiología, telepráctica en voz y habla y telepráctica en lenguaje. Análisis de la información: El uso de la telepráctica ha sido fundamental para aumentar la accesibilidad a servicios fonoaudiológicos para individuos y poblaciones que se encuentran en zonas apartadas, así como en el abordaje de deficiencias específicas y en el seguimiento de procesos de rehabilitación empleando la tecnología como herramienta. La telepráctica ha permitido mejorar los procesos de formación de padres y cuidadores, que permiten la implementación de acciones terapéuticas en casa. Conclusión: La telepráctica ha demostrado tener resultados similares a los abordajes presenciales, lo que demuestra que, en el futuro, podría convertirse en una alternativa para la práctica fonoaudiológica y audiológica. Es necesario aumentar las investigaciones que respalden el uso de la telepráctica, así como para determinar los estándares mínimos para su implementación.

Introduction: Telepractice is a model for the provision of speech therapy and audiological services in which telecommunications technology is used for the purposes of promotion and prevention, evaluation, intervention and / or consultation, due to the pandemic this type of service had significant growth to respond to the health needs of individuals and populations. Objective: To describe the speech therapy approach through telepractice in the intervention of communication deficiencies. Method: A search was carried out in the databases of Pubmed and American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), search equations were used in English, 28 articles were selected since 2016 and the telepractic categories in audiology were analyzed. telepractic in voice and speech and telepractic in language. Information analysis: the use of telepractice has been fundamental to increase the accessibility to speech therapy services for individuals and populations that are in remote areas; as well as in addressing specific deficiencies and in monitoring rehabilitation processes using technology as a tool. Telepractice has made it possible to improve the training processes for parents and caregivers that allow the implementation of therapeutic actions at home. Conclusion: telepractice has shown to have similar results to face-to-face approaches, which shows that in the future it will become an alternative for speech therapy and audiological practice. There is a need to increase research to support the use of telepractic, as well as to determine the minimum standards for its implementation.

Prevalencia del esófago de Barrett y características epidemiológicas de los pacientes

RESUMEN Introducción: El esófago de Barrett es una lesión del esófago con elevado potencial degenerativo; para su diagnóstico se requiere la confirmación histológica de metaplasia intestinal en el esófago. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del esófago de Barrett y las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes con esta afección. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, entre enero del 2018 y junio del 2019, en 14 pacientes con diagnóstico histológico de esófago de Barrett. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, color de la piel, antecedentes epidemiológicos, síntomas y signos, longitud del segmento, de acuerdo con la clasificación de Sharma y presencia de hernia hiatal. Se realizó el diagnóstico histológico según la clasificación de Viena. Se determinó la prevalencia respecto del total de endoscopias digestivas altas realizadas en el periodo; emplearon de estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: Se obtuvo una prevalencia de 0,37 %. El sexo masculino (78,6 %) y el color de piel blanca (71,4 %) predominaron; la edad media fue de 51,64 años. El consumo de tabaco fue referido por el 50 % de los pacientes. Los síntomas típicos de reflujo gastroesofágico, regurgitación (64,3 %) y pirosis (42,9 %) fueron los más frecuentes. La variedad de segmento corto fue la más observada y la hernia hiatal se encontró en 28,6 % de los casos. Conclusiones: Predominan las características epidemiológicas de ser pacientes masculinos, color de piel blanca, entre la 5ta y 6ta décadas de la vida y síntomas típicos de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. La prevalencia de la afección es baja.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Barrett's esophagus is an injury to the esophagus with high degenerative potential; histological confirmation of intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus is required for its diagnosis. Objective: To determine the frequency and epidemiological characteristics of patients with Barrett's esophagus. Methods: An observational and descriptive study was conducted between January 2018 and June 2019 in 14 patients with a histological diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus. The variables studied were: age, sex, skin color, epidemiological history, symptoms and signs, segment length according to the Sharma classification and presence of hiatal hernia, as well as the histological diagnosis according to the Vienna classification. The prevalence was determined with respect to the total number of upper gastrointestinal endoscopies performed in the period; descriptive statistical techniques were used. Results: A prevalence of 0,37 % was obtained. Males (78,6 %) and white skin color (71,4 %) predominated; the mean age was 51,64 years. Smoking was reported by 50 % of patients. Typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, regurgitation (64,3 %) and heartburn (42,9 %) were the most frequent. The short segment variety was the most observed and hiatal hernia was found in 28,6 % of cases. Conclusions: The epidemiological characteristics of male patients, white skin color, between the 5th and 6th decades of life and typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease predominate.

Estudio descriptivo del perfil de investigadoras hondureñas en Google Académico / Descriptive study of the profile of Honduran female researchers in Google Scholar

Introducción: El rol de la mujer en el área científica ha crecido con el paso de los años, pero aún persiste una gran brecha de género en ciencia. Para conocer y manejar esa brecha, es necesario hacer un mapeo de la situación de las mujeres investigadoras en Honduras. Objetivo: Describir la participación y contribuciones de las investigadoras hondureñas en la producción científica nacional según su perfil en Google Académico. Metodología: Se usó Power BI para analizar las variables sexo, institución, índice H, número de citaciones, número de publicaciones, año de la primera publicación, y áreas de investigación registradas en su perfil, utilizando la versión 2 del Ranking de Investigadores Hondureños según su Perfil de Google Académico disponible en https://bit.ly/38s6YuT, el cual es un registro depurado. Resultados: El 35% de todos los perfiles eran de mujeres, 41% vinculadas a las ciencias médicas y de la salud y en su mayoría (92%), afiliadas a universidades. Pese al creciente número de mujeres investigadoras registradas en Google Académico, el crecimiento no es simétrico respecto a los hombres. Solamente el 3.1% de las investigadoras tenía un índice H que supera los dos dígitos. Conclusión: A pesar de los avances, se mantiene la inequidad de género entre investigadores hondureños según la data de Google Académico. Se requiere de políticas públicas e institucionales, para corregir esa brecha...(AU)

Hernia de Garengeot y revisión de las variantes de hernias encarceladas / Garengeot's hernia and review of variants of incarcerated hernias

Introducción. La hernia de Garengeot se caracteriza por contener el apéndice cecal dentro del saco femoral, y forma parte de una variedad de hernias que reciben el epónimo de acuerdo con su localización anatómica. Entre ellas se encuentra la hernia de Richter, la hernia de Amyand, la hernia de Littré y la hernia de Spiegel. Se presenta una revisión de los abordajes laparoscópicos para estas diversas variantes. Caso clínico. Paciente femenina de 82 años de edad quien consultó al servicio de urgencias por dolor inguinal derecho de ocho días de evolución, asociado a clínica de obstrucción intestinal. Se hizo diagnóstico de hernia inguinal encarcelada y se llevó a cirugía encontrando una hernia de Garengeot. Discusión. Además de los tipos de hernia tradicionalmente conocidos, existen variantes inusuales de hernias de la pared abdominal, que deben ser sospechadas y tenidas en cuenta como diagnóstico diferencial, lo que permitirá realizar su tratamiento de forma oportuna disminuyendo el riesgo de que ocurra una perforación intestinal. Conclusiones. Las variantes de hernia inguinal o de localización inusual, son susceptibles de tratamiento quirúrgico mediante abordajes laparoscópicos con adecuados resultados.

Introduction. Garengeot's hernia is characterized by containing the cecal appendix within the femoral sac, and is part of a variety of hernias that receive their eponymous according to their anatomical location. These include Richter's hernia, Amyand's hernia, Littré's hernia, and Spiegel's hernia. We present a review of the laparoscopic approaches for these variants. Clinical case. An 82-year-old female patient consulted to the emergency department for right groin pain of eight days of evolution, associated with symptoms of intestinal obstruction. With a diagnosis of incarcerated inguinal hernia, she underwent surgery finding a Garengeot ́s hernia. Discussion. In addition to the traditionally known types of hernia, there are unusual variants of hernias of the abdominal wall, which must be suspected and taken into account as a differential diagnosis, which will allow treatment to be carried out in a timely manner, reducing the risk of intestinal perforation. Conclusions. Variants of inguinal hernia or unusual location are susceptible to surgical treatment by laparoscopic approaches with adequate results.

Elastografía cualitativa por ultrasonido endoscópico en la reestadificación del tumor de recto irradiado / Qualitative elastography by endoscopic ultrasound in the restaging of the irradiated rectal tumor

Introducción: En la reestadificación del paciente con tumor de recto irradiado, la elastografía cualitativa por ultrasonido endoscópico puede identificar la fibrosis y diferenciarla del tumor residual. Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad de la elastografía cualitativa por ultrasonido endoscópico en la reestadificación del tumor de recto irradiado. Métodos: Estudio observacional y descriptivo (serie de casos), en 31 pacientes con tumor de recto irradiado, reestadificados mediante elastografía cualitativa por ultrasonido endoscópico. Para determinar la utilidad de la elastografía se calcularon: sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo, valor predictivo negativo, índice de Youden y concordancia diagnóstica según índice kappa, de la elastografía y del ultrasonido endoscópico por separado, estos resultados fueron comparados en ambas pruebas diagnósticas. El estudio histológico de la pieza quirúrgica fue el estándar de referencia. Resultados: El índice de concordancia del ultrasonido endoscópico (77,4 por ciento), por elastografía (87,1 por ciento). El ultrasonido endoscópico mostró mayor sensibilidad y valor predictivo negativo que la elastografía, por lo que la posibilidad de descartar presencia de tumor con un resultado negativo fue superior. La elastografía tuvo mayor especificidad (77,78 por ciento) y valor predictivo positivo (90,91 por ciento) que el ultrasonido endoscópico (22,22 y 75,86 por ciento); fue más útil para confirmar el diagnóstico de tumor. Conclusiones: La utilidad de la elastografía cualitativa asociada al ultrasonido endoscópico, en la reestadificación del tumor de recto irradiado, consiste en incrementar la especificidad del estudio y discernir mejor entre la fibrosis y el tumor residual(AU)

Introduction: Qualitative endoscopic ultrasound elastography can identify fibrosis and differentiate it from residual tumor in the re-staging of patients with irradiated rectal tumors. Objective: To determine the usefulness of qualitative endoscopic ultrasound elastography in the re-staging of the irradiated rectal tumor. Methods: An observational and descriptive study (series of cases) was carried out in 31 patients with irradiated rectal tumor, restaged by means of Qualitative elastography by endoscopic ultrasound. To determine the usefulness of elastography, the following were calculated: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Youden index and diagnostic agreement according to kappa, elastography and endoscopic ultrasound separately; these results were compared in both diagnostic tests. The histological study of the surgical specimen was the reference standard. Results: The concordance index of endoscopic ultrasound (77.4 percent), that obtained by elastography (87.1 percent). Endoscopic ultrasound showed greater sensitivity and negative predictive value than elastography, so the possibility of ruling out the presence of a tumor with a negative result was higher. Elastography had greater specificity (77.78 percent) and positive predictive value (90.91 percent) than endoscopic ultrasound (22.22 and 75.86 percent); it was most helpful in confirming the tumor diagnosis. Conclusions: The usefulness of qualitative elastography associated with endoscopic ultrasound, in the re-staging of the irradiated rectal tumor, consists in increasing the specificity of the study, thus allowing a better discernment between fibrosis and residual tumor(AU)

Sentimiento de inseguridad ante la delincuencia en estudiantes de secundaria

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio es comprender el sentimiento de inseguridad de estudiantes de secundaria de Mexicali. El estudio se basó en la Teoría Fundamentada. Se realizaron diez grupos focales, y los datos se analizaron mediante el software MAXQDA 12. Se encontró que el sentimiento de inseguridad se elabora a partir de condiciones contextuales, como sucesos delictivos en la colonia y otras zonas de la ciudad, actores vinculados a la delincuencia, experiencias de victimización y la participación de la policía en las comunidades. En su dimensión personal, el sentimiento de inseguridad, se vincula con un sentido de amenaza continua, miedo, restricción de movilidad y adopción de estrategias de protección. Se concluye que la dimensión personal del sentimiento de inseguridad permite comprender el impacto psicosocial de la delincuencia en jóvenes y su dimensión pública favorece la incorporación de sus voces en el diseño de políticas en materia de seguridad pública.

Abstract: The aim of the study is to understand the feeling of insecurity of junior high school students in Mexicali. The study was based on Grounded Theory. Ten focus groups were performed, and the data was analyzed using MAXQDA software 12. It was found that the feeling of insecurity is elaborated from contextual conditions, such as criminal events in the neighborhood and other areas of the city, actors linked to crime, experiences of victimization and the participation of the police in the communities. In its personal dimension, the feeling of insecurity is linked to a sense of continuous threat, fear, restriction of mobility and the adoption of protection strategies. It is concluded that the personal dimension of the feeling of insecurity makes it possible to understand the psychosocial impact of delinquency in young people and its public dimension favors the incorporation of their voices in the design of public safety policies.

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo é entender o sentimento de insegurança dos alunos do ensino médio de Mexicali. O estudo foi baseado na Teoria Fundamentada. Foram realizados dez grupos focais e os dados foram analisados no software MAXQDA 12. Verificou-se que o sentimento de insegurança é elaborado a partir de condições contextuais, como eventos criminosos no bairro e em outras áreas da cidade, atores ligados ao crime, experiências de vitimização e participação da polícia nas comunidades. Em sua dimensão pessoal, o sentimento de insegurança está vinculado a um sentimento de ameaça contínua, medo, restrição de mobilidade e adoção de estratégias de proteção. Conclui-se que a dimensão pessoal do sentimento de insegurança possibilita compreender o impacto psicossocial do crime nos jovens e sua dimensão pública favorece a incorporação de suas vozes no desenho de políticas de segurança pública.

Evaluación del daño renal por cadmio en población expuesta a contaminación por éste en agricultores de Quila-Quila, Potosí / Evaluation of kidney damage by cadmium in a population exposed to its contamination in farmers from Quila-Quila, Potosí

El cadmio es un metal pesado presente en desechos mineros y otros, y tiene efectos deletéreos en la salud humana especialmente en el riñón en el que destruye células tubulares. En una investigación de la calidad del lecho de los ríos que reciben aguas residuales en el norte de Potosí, Bolivia, se reportó presencia de cadmio en papas regadas con esa agua en Quila-quila, una población rural de la zona. OBJETIVO: de este trabajo fue el de identificar posibles daños del cadmio en la salud de los pobladores de Quila-quila. MÉTODOS: para ello se realizó revisión clínica y análisis laboratorial clínico y químico de sangre y orina de los pobladores de Quila-quila, y se calculó la tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) y se correlacionó ésta con indicadores de lesión glomerular. RESULTADOS: se encontraron niveles elevados de cadmio en sangre en algunas personas, y una correlación de la TFG con la concentración de cadmio en sangre y con indicadores de lesión de membrana glomerular. CONCLUSIONES: en conclusión, los pobladores de Quila-quila estuvieron contaminados por cadmio, el cual produjo lesión renal leve.

Cadmium is a heavy metal present in mining and other wastes, and has deleterious effects on human health especially in the kidney in which it destroys tubular cells. In an investigation of the quality of the river beds that receive wastewater in the north of Potosí, Bolivia, the presence of cadmium was reported in potatoes watered with these water in Quila-quila, a rural town in the area. OBJECTIVE: of this work was to identify possible damage from cadmium to the health of the inhabitants of Quila-quila. METHODS: for this, clinical review and clinical and chemical laboratory analysis of blood and urine from the inhabitants of Quila-quila, and the filtration rate was calculated glomerular (GFR) and this was correlated with indicators of glomerular injury. RESULTS: elevated levels of cadmium were found in the blood in some people, and a correlation of GFR with blood cadmium concentration and indicators of membrane injury glomerular. CONCLUSIONS: in conclusion, the inhabitants of Quila-quila were contaminated by cadmium, which caused mild kidney damage.

Cortical auditory evoked potential in babies and children listeners / Potencial evocado auditivo cortical em lactentes e crianc¸as ouvintes

Abstract Introduction Cortical auditory evoked potentials have been increasingly used in research and audiological routines. However, there is a lack of studies with a large number of children who are stratified by age group. These would help clarify the variations in latency and amplitude of cortical auditory evoked potentials, and thus help establish reference values in children of different ages. Objective To identify the variation in latency and amplitude of the cortical auditory evoked potentials and to establish reference values for the pediatric population. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Subjects were born at term and presented with no auditory complaints. A total of 105 children, of up to 6 years and eleven months old, who were divided into 7 age groups, named 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, participated in the study. The tests were carried out using Biologic Navigator Pro. Initially, brainstem auditory evoked potential testing was performed in order to investigate the electrophysiological threshold of the subjects. Then, cortical auditory evoked potentials were elicited through oddball paradigm with tone burst differing in frequency, 750 Hz (frequent) and 1000 Hz (rare), and stimuli differing in speech: /ba/ (frequent) and /da/ (rare). In this study, descriptive and comparative analyzes of tonal and speech stimuli were performed for the age groups. Results Significant differences were observed when comparing cortical auditory evoked potentials with speech stimulus in the right ear for P2 amplitude, for P1 latency the left ear, for P2 amplitude of the left ear; and for P1 amplitude of the left ear when performed with tonal stimuli. Conclusion The obtained results can be considered as reference values of latency and amplitude of cortical auditory potentials in infants and children, and be used for monitoring their cortical auditory development.

Resumo Introdução Os potenciais evocados auditivos corticais têm sido cada vez mais usados em pesquisas e rotinas audiológicas. É importante que mais pesquisas sejam realizadas com maior número de crianças por faixa etária, a fim de contribuir para o conhecimento e descrever a variação das medidas de latência e amplitude, permitir estabelecer valores de referência desse potencial para crianças de diferentes grupos etários. Objetivo Identificar a variação das medidas de latência e amplitude e estabelecer os valores de referência desse potencial para a população pediátrica. Método Estudo do tipo transversal. Os indivíduos nasceram a termo, com ausência de queixas auditivas. Participaram do estudo 105 crianças de até 6 anos e 11 meses, divididas em 7 grupos de idade, denominados 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 e 7. Os testes foram feitos com o Biologic Navigator Pro. Inicialmente, foi realizado o potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico para investigar o limiar eletrofisiológico dos indivíduos. Em seguida, o potencial evocado auditivo cortical foi feito através do paradigma de oddball com toneburst diferindo em frequência, 750 Hz (frequente) e 1.000 Hz (raro) e o estímulo na fala: / ba / (frequente) e / da / (raro). Neste estudo, foram realizadas análises descritivas e comparativas dos estímulos tonais e de fala para os grupos etários. Resultados Diferenças significantes foram observadas na comparação do potencial evocado auditivo cortical com estímulo de fala da orelha direita para amplitude de P2, para latência de P1 da orelha esquerda, para amplitude de P2 da orelha esquerda e para amplitude de P1 da orelha esquerda quando feita com estímulo tonal. Conclusão Os resultados obtidos podem ser usados como medidas de referência de latência e amplitude dos potenciais auditivos corticais em lactentes e crianças, bem como para monitorar o desenvolvimento auditivo cortical.

Diagnóstico de Orientación Vocacional carrera de Enfermería primer año. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Enrique Cabrera" / Diagnosis of Vocational Orientation Nursing career first year. "Enrique Cabrera" School of Medical Sciences / Diagnóstico de Orientação Vocacional carreira da Enfermeria primeiro ano. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas "Enrique Cabrera"

Introducción. La orientación vocacional forma parte inevitable del proceso educativo y constituye un requisito imprescindible para que la educación pueda alcanzar su encargo social. Objetivo. Diagnosticar el nivel de Orientación Vocacional carrera de Enfermería primer año. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Enrique Cabrera". Métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Enrique Cabrera", Municipio Boyeros, para evaluar el nivel de orientación vocacional de estudiantes en Enfermería primer año, en los cursos escolares 2016-2017 y 2017-2018. La población estuvo constituida por 304 estudiantes. La muestra se obtuvo mediante el muestreo aleatorio simple con 182 estudiantes, a los cuales se les aplicó una encuesta para la recogida de la información con previo consentimiento informado, se realizó análisis documental y estadístico para la obtención, el procesamiento y análisis de los resultados. Resultados: El 36,8% de los estudiantes obtuvo información acerca de la carrera a través de la familia, el 44,4% de los estudiantes presentó una deficiente orientación vocacional, el 24,0% refirió como motivo principal para elegir la carrera el gusto por ayudar y cuidar, el 46,3% abandonó la carrera por no vocación. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la vía fundamental por la que los estudiantes obtienen información acerca de la carrera es a través de la familia, se valora como deficiente la orientación vocacional, se identificó como motivo esencial para elegir la carrera el gusto por ayudar y cuidar, y como causa principal de deserción la no vocación.

Introduction: Vocational guidance is an inevitable part of the educational process and is an essential requirement for education to reach its social order. Objective: Diagnose the level of Vocational Guidance Nursing career first year. "Enrique Cabrera" School of Medical Sciences. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out at the "Enrique Cabrera" School of Medical Sciences, Boyeros Municipality, to assess the level of vocational guidance of students in Nursing first year, in the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 school courses. The population was made up of 304 students. The sample was obtained by simple random sampling with 182 students, to whom a survey was applied for the collection of information with prior informed consent, documentary and statistical analysis was performed to obtain, process and analyze the results. Results: 36.8% of the students obtained information about the career through the family, 44.4% of the students presented a poor vocational orientation, 24.0% referred as the main reason to choose the career the taste for help and care, 46.3% abandoned the career because of no vocation. Conclusions: It is concluded that the fundamental way by which students obtain information about the career is through the family, vocational guidance is valued as deficient, the pleasure to help and care is identified as essential reason to choose the career, and as main cause of defection non-vocation.

Introdução: A orientação vocacional forma parte inevitável do processo educativo e constituium requisito imprescindível para que a educação possa alcançar seu encargo social. Objetivo: Diagnosticar o nível de Orientação Vocacional carreira da Enfermeria primeiro ano. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas "Enrique Cabrera". Métodos: Levou-se a cabo um estudo descritivo, de corte transversal na Faculdade de Ciências Médicas "Enrique Cabrera", Município Boyeros, para avaliar o nível de orientação vocacional de estudantes em Enfermaria primeiro ano, nos cursos escolar 2016-2017 e 2017-2018. A população esteve constituída por 304 estudantes. Mostra-a se obteve mediante a amostragem aleatória simples com 182 estudantes, aos quais lhes aplicou uma pesquisa para o recolhimento da informação com prévio consentimento informado, realizou-se análise documentário e estatístico para a obtenção, o processamento e análise dos resultados. Resultados: O 36,8% dos estudantes obteve informação a respeito da carreira através da família, o 44,4% dos estudantes apresentou uma deficiente orientação vocacional, o 24,0% referiu como motivo principal para escolher a carreira o gosto por ajudar e cuidar, o 46,3% abandonou a carreira por não vocação. Conclusões: conclui-se que a via fundamental pela que os estudantes obtêm informação a respeito da carreira é através da família, valora-se como deficiente a orientação vocacional, identificou-se como motivo essencial para escolher a carreira o gosto por ajudar e cuidar, e como causa principal de deserção a não vocação.

COMPONENTES QUÍMICOS Y ACTIVIDAD ANTIMICROBIANA DEL ACEITE ESENCIAL DE Lasiocephalus ovatus (Asteraceae) QUE CRECE EN ECUADOR / Chemical components and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Lasiocephalus ovatus (Asteraceae) that grows in Ecuador

RESUMEN Ecuador es uno de los países más ricos en biodiversidad y endemismo del mundo, y cerca de 3200 especies de plantas tienen usos medicinales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la composición química y el efecto antimicrobiano del aceite esencial de Lasiocephalus ovatus Schltdl. (Asteraceae) colectada en la provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador. Las partes aéreas de L. ovatus fueron sometidas a hidrodestilación para obtener el aceite esencial, el cual fue analizado mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. La actividad fue evaluada frente a cinco bacterias y una levadura usando la técnica de microdilución en caldo en microplacas de 96 pozos. El rendimiento del aceite fue de 0,05 % y 27 compuestos fueron identificados, representando 95,45 % de la composición total con un elevado contenido de monoterpenos oxigenados (52,17 %). Los compuestos mayoritarios fueron alcanfor (40,48 %) y 1,2,5,5-tetrametil-1,3-ciclopentadieno (11,90 %), seguido por p-menta-1,5-dien-8-ol (5,23 %) y 1,6-dimetilhepta-1,3,5-trieno (4,69 %). Las bacterias más sensibles a la acción del aceite fueron Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 y Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 con concentraciones mínimas inhibitorias de 200-400 µg/mL y bactericidas de 800 µg/mL. La inhibición antimicrobiana frente a las bacterias Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 y la levadura Candida albicans ATCC 10231 fue baja, con un rango de concentración mínima inhibitoria de 800 a 6400 µg/ mL. Este reporte representa un primer análisis de la actividad antimicrobiana del aceite de L. ovatus, por lo tanto, una contribución importante al estudio del género Lasiocephalus.

ABSTRACT Ecuador is one of the richest countries in biodiversity and endemism in the world, and nearly 3200 plant species have medicinal uses. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the chemical composition and the antimicrobial effect of essential oil of Lasiocephalus ovatus Schltdl. (Asteraceae) collected at Chimborazo Province, Ecuador. The aerial parts of L. ovatus were subjected to hydrodistillation to obtain essential oil, which was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The activity was evaluated against five bacteria and one yeast using the broth microdilution technique in 96-well microplates. The oil yield was of 0.05 %, and 27 compounds were identified, representing 95.45 % of the total composition with a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes (52.17%). The main compounds were camphor (40.48 %) and 1,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene (11.90 %) followed by p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol (5.23 %) and 1,6-dimethylhepta-1,3,5-triene (4.69 %). The antimicrobial effect of the essential oil was major against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 200-400 µg/mL and bactericidal of 800 µg/mL. Antimicrobial inhibition against the bacteria Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 and the yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231 was low, with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 800 to 6400 µg/mL. This report represents a first study of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the oil of L. ovatus, therefore, an important contribution to the study of the genus Lasiocephalus.

La autoestima sexual: su relación con la excitación sexual / The sexual self-esteem: Its relationship with the sexual arousal

Resumen En este estudio se tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre la autoestima sexual (AS) y la excitación sexual como rasgo, estado y componente de la respuesta sexual. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 65 jóvenes heterosexuales que completaron la subescala Excitación Sexual de las Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales-Short Form, el Massachussets General Hospital Sexual Functioning Questionnaire y la subescala Autoestima sexual del Brief Sexuality Scale. A continuación, realizaron una tarea experimental donde completaron las escalas Valoración de Excitación Sexual y Valoración de Sensaciones Genitales tras visualizar un video neutro y otro con contenido sexual explícito. Los resultados mostraron asociaciones significativas entre la AS y la excitación sexual rasgo y la excitación sexual como componente de la respuesta sexual. Ambas manifestaciones de la excitación sexual explicaron un porcentaje significativo de la AS (R 2 = 0,19). Sin embargo, la excitación sexual estado no se asoció con la AS.

Abstract The aim was to analyze the relationship between sexual self-esteem (SSE) and sexual arousal as a trait, as a state and as a component of the sexual response. The sample consisted of 65 heterosexual young people who completed the Sexual Excitation subscale of the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales-Short Form, the Massachusetts General Hospital Sexual Functioning Questionnaire, and the Sexual Self-esteem subscale of the Brief Sexuality Scale. Participants performed an experimental task where they completed the Ratings of Sexual Arousal and the Ratings of Genital Sensations after visualizing a neutral film and another one with explicit sexual content. The results showed significant associations between SSE and sexual arousal as a trait and as a component of the sexual response. These two types of excitation explained a significant percentage of the SSE (R 2 = 0.19). However, sexual arousal as a state did not correlate to the SSE.

Enfermedad multianeurismática: a propósito de un caso / Multi-aneurysmal disease: a case report

Resumen Introducción: La enfermedad multianeurismática es una entidad patológica poco conocida, la cual presenta diversas etiologías, por lo que su localización, morfología y formas de presentación varían de un caso a otro. Caso clínico: Mujer de 51 años dislipémica. Acude por epigastralgia. Se realiza TC abdominal con resultados de hematoma retroperitoneal y aneurisma en arteria pancreática duodenal. Se practica cirugía urgente para evacuación del hematoma sin encontrarse más hallazgos. Durante el ingreso presenta crisis hipertensivas y se realiza nuevo AngioTC donde se visualizan múltiples lesiones en distintas arterias viscerales con posibilidad diagnóstica de vasculitis. Se decide no intervención en el momento actual y estudio de filiación. Discusión: La enfermedad multianeurismática es una entidad poco común, cuya etiología se determina de acuerdo con su correlación clínica e histopatológica con diversas posibles causas; sin embargo, establecer un diagnóstico en donde el cuadro clínico coincida al 100%, es un desafío. Es muy frecuente la afectación de las arterias viscerales a diferencia de los aneurismas de origen ateroesclerótico. El tratamiento quirúrgico es seguro y deberá iniciarse en los segmentos que estén causando la sintomatología. El tratamiento endovascular es menos invasivo siendo la técnica de elección en pacientes con elevada comorbilidad y en los casos de cirugía complicada con rotura.

Introduction: Multiple artery aneurysms are a rare pathological condition which may be caused by different etiologies. Therefore, its location, morphology and clinical presentation may vary in a case to case basis. Case report: A 51-year-old woman, prior history of dyslipedemia presents with upper abdominal pain. Abdominal tomographic scans showed aneurysm of the pancreaticduodenal artery and retroperitoneal hematoma. Emergent surgical evacuation of the hematoma was performed, with no other findings. In the postoperative period, the patient suffers hypertensive crisis and a new tomographic scan is conducted observing multiple dilations in different visceral arteries. The patient is treated conservatively and is being studied for a possible vasculitis. Discussion: Multi-aneurysmatic artery disease is a very rare entity, its etiology is determined by clinical and histopathological correlation. Although establishing a diagnosis in which the clinical presentation completely corresponds, is a real challenge. Unlike degenerative aneurysms due to atherosclerosis, multi-aneurysmatic disease commonly involves visceral arteries. Open surgery is considered safe treatment option and should be established in the segments causing symptoms. Endovascular treatment is less invasive, being the technique of choice in patients with high comorbidity and in cases of complicated surgery with rupture.

P300: Waves Identification with and without Subtraction of Traces

Abstract Introduction The P300 test requires well-defined and unique criteria, in addition to training for the examiners, for a uniform analysis of studies and to avoid variations and errors in the interpretation of measurement results. Objectives The objective of this study is to verify whether there are differences in P300 with and without subtraction of traces of standard and nonstandard stimuli. Method We conducted this study in collaboration with two research electrophysiology laboratories. From Laboratory 1, we selected 40 tests of subjects between 7 44 years, from Laboratory 2, we selected 83 tests of subjects between 18 44 years. We first performed the identification with the nonstandard stimuli; then, we subtracted the nonstandard stimuli fromthe standard stimuli. The examiners identified the waves, performing a descriptive and comparative analysis of traces with and without subtraction. Results After a comparative analysis of the traces with and without subtraction, there was no significant difference when compared with analysis of traces in both laboratories, within the conditions, of right ears (p = 0.13 and 0.28 for differences between latency and amplitude measurements) and left ears (p = 0.15 and 0.09 for differences between latency and amplitude measurements) from Laboratory 1. As for Laboratory 2, when investigating both ears, results did not identify significant differences (p = 0.098 and 0.28 for differences between latency and amplitude measurements). Conclusion There was no difference verified in traces with and without subtraction. We suggest the identification of this potential performed through nonstandard stimuli.

Spelling performance of public and private school students: A comparative study / Desempenho ortográfico de escolares do ensino particular e público: estudo de caracterização e relação

To characterize and compare the spelling performance of private and public students. Three hundred 1st-5th graders from public and private schools in the city of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil, were evaluated, totalizing 30 students from each grade, respectively. Collective and individual versions of the Pró-Ortografia test (a renowned Brazilian spelling test) were administered. There were significant inter-group differences indicating that private school students achieved higher performance. The mean values of correct answers of higher grade level students were statistically greater than those of the lower grade level students. The results indicated that the mean values of correct answers of all versions of the spelling test administered increased across grades for both private and public school students. However, the data evaluated showed that private school students attained higher spelling performance than public school students from the 2nd grade onwards.

O estudo buscou caracterizar e relacionar o desempenho ortográfico dos escolares de 1º ao 5º ano do ensino particular e público. Foram avaliados 300 escolares do 1º ao 5º ano em duas escolas, uma particular e outra pública, da cidade de Marília, São Paulo, sendo 30 alunos de cada ano escolar. Como procedimento, foi aplicado o Pró-Ortografia na sua versão coletiva e individual. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na comparação intergrupos, indicando desempenho superior dos escolares do ensino particular. Com o aumento da seriação, todos os grupos aumentaram a média de acertos nas provas avaliadas. Os resultados indicaram que as médias de acertos nas provas ortográficas se tornaram superiores com a progressão escolar tanto para os escolares do ensino particular quanto para os do ensino público. No entanto, os dados evidenciaram que os alunos do ensino particular apresentaram desempenho ortográfico superior em relação aos do ensino público a partir do 2º ano.

Auditory Alterations in Children Infected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Verified Through Auditory Processing Test

Abstract Introduction The auditory system of HIV-positive children may have deficits at various levels, such as the high incidence of problems in the middle ear that can cause hearing loss. Objective The objective of this study is to characterize the development of children infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the Simplified Auditory Processing Test (SAPT) and the Staggered Spondaic Word Test. Methods We performed behavioral tests composed of the Simplified Auditory Processing Test and the Portuguese version of the Staggered SpondaicWord Test (SSW). The participants were 15 children infected by HIV, all using antiretroviral medication. Results The children had abnormal auditory processing verified by Simplified Auditory Processing Test and the Portuguese version of SSW. In the Simplified Auditory Processing Test, 60% of the children presented hearing impairment. In the SAPT, the memory test for verbal sounds showed more errors (53.33%); whereas in SSW, 86.67% of the children showed deficiencies indicating deficit in figure-ground, attention, and memory auditory skills. Furthermore, there aremore errors in conditions of background noise in both age groups, where most errors were in the left ear in the Group of 8-yearolds, with similar results for the group aged 9 years. Conclusion The high incidence of hearing loss in children with HIV and comorbidity with several biological and environmental factors indicate the need for: 1) familiar and professional awareness of the impact on auditory alteration on the developing and learning of the children withHIV, and 2) access to educational plans and follow-up with multidisciplinary teams as early as possible to minimize the damage caused by auditory deficits.

Fibromixoma de septum nasal: Presentación de un caso / Nasal septum fibromyxoma: A case report

Introducción: El fibromixoma es una lesión benigna poco frecuente cuya etiología aún es controversial. Rara vez aparece en cabeza y cuello, en cuyo caso afecta con mayor frecuencia a la mandíbula. Objetivo: Presentar un caso poco frecuente de fibromixoma derivado de septum nasal. Material y métodos: A continuación se describe el caso de un paciente masculino de 50 años con diagnóstico de fibromixoma proveniente del septum nasal, que se presento con epífora como única manifestación clínica; se trató quirúrgicamente con resección total endoscópica. Discusión: Son pocos los casos de fibromixoma documentados que comprometen la región nasosinusal. Conclusiones: Es importante considerar al fibromixoma dentro de los tumores del septum nasal, que a pesar de su naturaleza benigna, son lesiones que requieren resecciones amplias por su comportamiento localmente agresivo.

Introduction: Fibromyxoma is an uncommon benign lesion whose etiology is still controversial. Rarely, it appears in head and neck where the jaw is the region most often affected. Objective: To present a rare case of nasal septum fibromyxoma. Methods: We present the case of a 50 year old male with the diagnosis of fibromyxoma from the nasal septum, who presented with epiphora as the only clinical manifestation. It was treated surgically with complete endoscopic resection. Discussion: There are few cases of fibromyxoma documented that compromise sinonasal region. Conclusions: It is important to consider fibromyxoma within the differential diagnosis of nasal septum tumors, which despite its benign nature, requires extensive resections due to its locally aggressive behavior.

Factores que influyen en la orientación vocacional de estudiantes en Enfermería. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Enrique Cabrera" / Aspects that contribute to the vocational guidance of nursing students. Faculty of Medical Sciences "Enrique Cabrera" / Fatores que influenciam a orientação profissional dos alunos em enfermagem. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. "Enrique Cabrera"

Introducción: En la actualidad, existen varias teorías que fomentan el desarrollo epistemológico de la ciencia de Enfermería. Profesionales comprometidos en la formación de los recursos humanos en Enfermería, han rediseñado los planes de estudio existentes, para establecer una profesión de excelencia. Objetivo. Identificar los factores que influyen en la orientación vocacional de estudiantes en Enfermería, primer año noveno grado. Método. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Enrique Cabrera", Municipio Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba, en el periodo comprendido de octubre 2014 a junio de 2015. La población estuvo constituida por los 120 estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Técnicos en Enfermería primer año noveno grado; la muestra se obtuvo mediante el muestreo aleatorio simple con 60 estudiantes, a los cuales se les aplicó una encuesta para la recogida de la información con previo consentimiento informado. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción; empíricos: encuesta a estudiantes y estadísticos para la obtención, el procesamiento y análisis de los resultados. Resultados. El 71.1% de los estudiantes obtuvo información acerca de la carrera a través de la familia, el 53.3% presentó un bajo nivel de conocimientos sobre las actividades de orientación vocacional, el 33.3% refirió como motivo para elegir la carrera el gusto por ayudar a las personas. Conclusiones. Se concluye que la familia constituye la vía fundamental por la que los estudiantes obtienen información sobre la carrera de Enfermería, además se constata un bajo nivel de conocimientos en cuanto a las actividades de orientación vocacional. Se identificaron como motivos fundamentales para elegir la carrera el gusto por ayudar a las personas

Introduction: Currently, there are several theories that promote the development of science epistemological Nursing. Professionals engaged in the training of human resources in nursing, have redesigned the existing curricula, to establish a career of excellence. Objective. Identify the factors influencing vocational guidance of students in Nursing, first ninth grade year. Method. A descriptive study of transversal cut was made at the Faculty of Medical Sciences "Enrique Cabrera" Municipality Boyeros, Havana, in the period from October 2014 to June 2015. The study population consisted of 120 freshmen of Nursing career Technical freshmanninth grade; the sample was obtained by simple random sampling with 60 students, which was applied a survey to collect information prior informed consent. theoretical methods were applied: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction; Empirical: student survey and statistics for the collection, processing analysis results. Results. 71.1% of students obtained information about the race through the family, 53.3% had a low level of knowledge about the activities of vocational guidance, 33.3% he reported as a reason to choose the race taste for help people. Conclusions. Se concludes that the family is the fundamental way in which students get information about nursing career, plus a low level of knowledge is found in terms of orientation activities vocacional.Se identified as key reasons for choosing the race taste for helping people

Introdução: Atualmente, existem várias teorias que promovam o desenvolvimento de Enfermagem de ciência epistemológica. Profissionais que trabalham na formação de recursos humanos em enfermagem, ter redesenhado o currículo existente, estabelecer uma carreira de excelência.Target. Identificar os fatores que influenciam a orientação profissional dos alunos em Enfermagem, primeiro ano da nona série. Métodos. Um estudo descritivo de corte transversal foi feito na Faculdade de Ciências Médicas "Enrique Cabrera" município Boyeros, em Havana, no período de outubro de 2014 a junho de 2015. A população do estudo consistiu de 120 calouros de carreira de enfermagem calouro técnico nona série; a amostra foi obtida por amostragem aleatória simples com 60 alunos, o que foi aplicada uma pesquisa para coletar informações consentimento prévio informado. Foram aplicados métodos teóricos: análise-síntese, de indução de dedução; Empírica: pesquisa do aluno e estatísticas para a recolha, tratamento resultados da análise. Resultados. 71,1% dos alunos obtiveram informações sobre a corrida através da família, 53,3% tinham um baixo nível de conhecimento sobre as atividades de orientação profissional, 33,3% relatou como uma razão para escolher o sabor de corrida para obter ajuda pessoas. Conclusões. Se conclui que a família é o caminho fundamental em que os estudantes obter informações sobre a carreira de enfermagem, além de um baixo nível de conhecimento é encontrado em termos de atividades de orientação vocacional.Se identificado como principais razões para a escolha da raça gosto de ajudar as pessoas

Evaluación del rendimiento del sistema Rapid™ Yeast Pluz (Remel) a partir de 2 medios de cultivo diferentes / Performance evaluation of Rapid™ Yeast Plus (Remel) system from two different culture media

Dentro del género Candida, la especie más frecuentemente aislada de materiales clínicos es Candida albicans. Debido a la emergencia de otras especies que pueden presentar mayor índice de resistencia a los antifúngicos, se hace necesaria la identificación rápida de aquellas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el rendimiento del sistema RapID™ Yeast Plus a partir de subcultivos en 2 formulaciones diferentes, agar Sabouraud dextrosa modificado por Emmons (medio indicado en el inserto del equipo) y agar Sabouraud glucosado, que es el utilizado habitualmente en los laboratorios de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Se estudiaron 166 cepas de muestras clínicas provenientes de los distintos hospitales que integran la Red de Micología de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. De los resultados obtenidos se concluye que se deben mantener las condiciones y el medio de cultivo indicado por el fabricante

Within the genus Candida, Candida albicans is the most commonly isolated species from clinical samples. Due to the emergence of other species which can show a higher index of antifungal resistance, a fast identification of these species is necessary. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of the RapID Yeast Plus system from two different subculture media formulations: Sabouraud dextrose agar adjusted by Emmons (the medium is indicated in the equipment insert) and Sabouraud glucose agar, which is the most frequently used in Buenos Aires City laboratories. One hundred and sixty-six clinical sample strains coming from different hospitals belonging to the Mycology Network of Buenos Aires City were studied. From the obtained results, we conclude that the conditions and culture medium indicated by the manufacturer should be followed

Uso do potencial evocado auditivo de média latência em populações infantis: uma revisão integrativa / Use of middle latency auditory evoked potentials in children: an integrative review

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar na literatura a utilidade do Potencial evocado auditivo de média latência na população infantil para o estudo do sistema auditivo em seus processos normais e desviantes. A revisão integrativa da literatura científica consistiu na busca de estudos utilizando as bases de dados: PubMed, Scopus e Scielo. Como descritores para a pesquisa foram utilizados os termos: "auditory middle latency response" "auditory middle latency potential" , "children", "child", "childhood", "maturation' e "development". Os estudos eram artigos completos, cujos participantes foram crianças, submetidas ao exame de Potencial evocado auditivo de média latência. A análise dos estudos individualmente verificou aspectos relacionados ao objetivo da pesquisa, a metodologia utilizada e a conclusão de cada estudo. Foram selecionados e lidos na íntegra um total de 11 estudos da base bibliográfica PubMed, oito estudos da Scopus e dois estudos da Scielo. Do total de 21 artigos, seis deles foram realizados com crianças saudáveis, quatro examinaram os componentes desse potencial em crianças com distúrbio de linguagem ou distúrbio específico de linguagem, quatro estudos avaliaram crianças usuárias de implante coclear, e sete crianças com outras alterações. Esta revisão integrativa mostrou a importância da investigação dos potenciais evocados auditivos de média latência em crianças. Tal avaliação vem permitindo um diagnóstico mais precoce e preciso de pacientes com alterações de linguagem, fala ou de aprendizado e de distúrbios do processamento auditivo além do monitoramento de evolução terapêutica.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate, in the literature, the use of middle latency auditory evoked potentials in children to study the auditory system in its normal and deviant processes. The integrative scientific literature review consisted of searching studies using PubMed, Scopus and Scielo databases. The search terms descriptors were: "auditory middle latency response ", "auditory middle latency potential", "children", "child", "childhood", "maturation" and "development". The selected studies were full papers whose participants were children who underwent middle latency auditory evoked potentials exams. The analysis of the studies, individually, verified aspects related to the aim of the research, the methodology used and the conclusion of each study. A total of 11 studies retrieved from PubMed, eight from Scpus and two studies from Scielo were selected and read in full. Out of the 21 articles, six investigations had been carried out with healthy children, four of them examined the components of this potential in children with language disorders or specific language disorders, four studies assessed children with cochlear implants and seven investigations with children with other changes. This integrative review showed the importance of research of Middle Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials in children. Such an assessment has allowed earlier and accurate diagnosis of patients with language, speech or learning disorders as well as auditory processing disorders, in addition to monitoring therapeutic evolution.